Tree of Life
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Life on Earth
Viruses
Duplodnaviria
Caudovirales
Herpesvirales
Simplexvirus (herpes)
Varicellavirus (chickenpox)
Varidnaviria
Poxviridae
Cowpox virus (cowpox)
Variola virus (smallpox)
Bamfordvirae
Megaviricetes (giant viruses)
Chlorovirus
Mimiviridae
Mimivirus
Tupanvirus
Preplasmivicota
Adenoviridae (adenoviruses)
Lavidaviridae (virophages)
Riboviria
Orthornavirae
Lenarviricota
Orthomyxoviridae (influenza)
Mononegavirales
Ebolavirus (ebola)
Rabies lyssavirus (rabies)
Rubivirus rubellae (rubella)
Paramyxoviridae
Measles morbillivirus (measles)
Mumps orthorubulavirus (mumps)
Flaviviridae
Flavivirus
Dengue virus
West Nile virus
Yellow fever virus
Zika virus
Hepacivirus C (hepatitis C)
Pisuviricota
Orthocoronoviridae (coronaviruses)
Picornavirales
Novovirus (stomach bug)
Picornaviridae
Enterovirus
Poliovirus (polio)
Rhinovirus (common cold)
Hepatovirus A (hepatitis A)
Pararnavirae
Tobamovirus (tobacco mosaic virus)
Artverviricota
Orthohepadnavirus (hepatitis B)
Retroviridae
Lentivirus (HIV)
Deltaretrovirus (human T-lymphotropic virus)
Last universal common ancestor (LUCA)
Bacteria
Terrabacteria
Bacillota/Firmicutes
Clostridium
C. botulinum (botulism)
C. perfringens
C. tetani (tetanus)
Bacilli
Bacillales
Bacillus
B. subtilis (hay bacillus)
B. anthracis (anthrax)
B. cereus
Listeria monocytogenes (listeriosis)
Staphylococcus
Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria)
Lactobacillus
Enterococcus faecalis
Streptococcus (strep throat)
Cyanobacteria
Cyanothece
Synechocystis
Actinomycetota
Streptomyces
Mycobacteriales
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria)
Mycobacterium
M. leprae (leprosy)
M. tuberculosis
Hydrobacteria
Campylobacter jejuni
Pseudomonatoda/Proteobacteria
Betaproteobacteria
Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)
Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
Gammaproteobacteria
Vibrionales
Aliivibro fischeri
Vibrio cholerae (cholera)
Pasteurellales
Haemophilius influenzae (meningitis)
Pasteurella
Enterobacteriales
Yersinia pestis (plague)
Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacter clocacae
Escherichia coli
Salmonella enterica enterica (typhoid fever)
Shigella (shigellosis)
Archaea
DPANN
Euryarchaeota
Proteoarchatoea
TACK
Asgard
Lokiarchaeota
Eukaryota
Diaphoretickes/Bikonta
Chromista
Hacrobia
Cryptista
Haptista
SAR
Rhizaria
Cercozoa
Retaria
Radiolaria
Foraminifera ("forams")
Rotaliida
Xenophyophorea
Halvaria
Heterokonta
Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp)
Phytophthora infestans (potato blight)
Alveolata
Paramecium
Myzozoa
Apicomplexa
Plasmodium (malaria)
Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis)
Dinoflagellata
Noctiluca scintillans
Symbiodinium
Archaeplastida
Rhodophyta (red algae)
Viridiplantae (plants)
Chlorophyta (green algae)
Chlorella
Valonia ventricosa (bubble algae)
Embryophyta (land plants)
Marchantiophyta (liverworts)
Bryophyta (mosses)
Anthocerophyta (hornworts)
Tracheophyta (vascular plants)
†Cooksonia (polyphyletic)
Lycophyta
†Lepidodendron
Lycopodiopsida
Euphyllophyta
†Psilophyton
Polypodiopsida (ferns)
†Archaeopteris
†Progymnopermophyta
†Archaeopteris
Spermatophyta
Acrogymnospermae (modern gymnosperms)
Cycadales (cycads)
Ginkgo bilboa
Gnetophyta
Ephedra
Gnetum
Welwitschia mirabilis
Pinophyta (conifers)
Pinaceae
Picea abies (Norway spruce)
Pinus (pine)
P. longaeva (bristlecone pine)
P. sylvestris (Baltic pine)
Abietoideae
Abies (fir)
Cedrus (cedar)
Cupressales
Taxus (yew)
Cupressaceae (cypresses)
Juniperus (juniper)
Sequoiadendron giganteum (giant redwood)
Angiospermae/Magnoliophyta (flowering plants)
Nymphaea (water lily)
Mesoangiospermeae
Magnoliids
Piper nigrum (black pepper)
Lauraceae (laurels)
Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon)
Persea americana (avocado)
Magnoliales
Magnolia
Myristica fragrans (nutmeg)
Monocots
Alismatales
Colocasia esculenta (taro)
Zostera marina (eelgrass)
Dioscorea alata (purple yam)
Liliales
Lilium (lilly)
Tulipa (tulip)
Asparagales
Vanilla planifolia (vanilla)
Aloe vera
Asparagaceae
Asparagus officinalis (asparagus)
Yucca brevifolia (Joshua tree)
Amaryllidaceae
Narcissus poeticus (poet's daffodil)
Allium
A. cepa (onion)
A. chinense (Chinese onion)
A. sativum (garlic)
Commelinids
Arecaceae (palms)
Cocos nucifera (coconut)
Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)
Poales
Ananas comosus (pineapple)
Cyperus papyrus (papyrus)
Poaceae (grasses)
Oryza sativa (rice)
Bambusoideae (bamboos)
Panicoideae
Cenchrus americanus (pearl millet)
Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane)
Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)
Zea mays (corn)
Pooideae
Avena sativa (oat)
Hordeum vulgare (barley)
Secale cereale (rye)
Triticum aestivum (wheat)
Zingiberales
Zingiber officinale (ginger)
Musa (banana)
M. acuminata
M. balbisiana (plantain)
Eudicots
Proteales
Macadamia
Nelumbo nucifera (Indian lotus)
Ranunculales
Papaver somniferum (poppy)
Ranunculus (buttercup)
Pentapetalae
Superrosids
Saxifragales
Paeonia (peony)
Ribes nigrum (blackcurrant)
Saxifraga oppositifolia (purple saxifrage)
Rosids
Vitis vinifera (grapevine)
Eurosids
Fabids
Malpighiales
Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove)
Euphorboids
Rafflesia arnoldii (corpse flower)
Euphorbiaceae (spurges)
Hura crepitans (sandbox tree)
Ricinus communis (castor bean)
Cronotoideae
Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree)
Manihot esculenta (cassava)
Viola (violets, pansies)
Salicoids
Passiflora edulis (passion fruit)
Salicaceae
Salix (willow)
Populus (poplar)
Fabaceae (legumes/beans)
Acacia
Faboideae
Arachis hypogaea (peanut)
Cicer arietinum (chickpea)
Fabeae
Lens culinaris (lentil)
Pisum sativum (pea)
Indigofera tinctoria (indigo)
Phaseoleae
Glycine max (soybean)
Phaseolus (wild bean)
P. lunatus (lima bean)
P. vulgaris (common bean)
Rosales
Ulmus (elm)
Cannabaceae
Cannabis sativa (cannabis, hemp)
Humulus lupulus (hops)
Moraceae (mullberries)
Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit)
Ficus carica (fig)
Rosaceae
Rosoideae
Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)
Rosa (rose)
Rubus (raspberry, blackberry)
Amygdaloideae
Maleae
Crataegus monogyna (common hawthorn)
Malus domestica (apple)
Pyrus (pear)
Prunus
Prunus (Amygdalus)
P. dulcis (almond)
P. persica (peach, nectarine)
Prunus (Cerasus) avium (sweet cherry)
Prunus (Prunus) armeniaca (apricot)
Cucurbitales
Cucurbita (squash)
C. pepo (pumpkin, zucchini)
C. sativus (cucumber)
Benincaseae
Cucumis
C. melo (melon, cantaloupe, honeydew)
C. satvius (cucumber)
Benincasa hispida (winter melon)
Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)
Fagales
Fagaceae
Castanea (chestnut)
Fagus (beech)
Quercus (oak)
Betulaceae
Betula (birch)
Coryus avelanna (hazelnut)
Juglandaceae
Carya illinoinensis (pecan)
Jugulans regia (walnut)
Malvids
Myrtales
Eucalyptus
Punica granatum (pomegranate)
Sapindales
Citrus
C. × limon (lemon)
C. × latifolia (Persian lime)
C. maxima (pomelo)
C. × paradisi (grapefruit)
C. reticulata (mandarin orange)
C. × clementina (clementine)
C. × siniensis (sweet orange)
C. × tangerina (tangerine)
Swietenia (mahogany)
Anacardiaceae (cashews)
Anacardia occidentale (cashew)
Mangifera indica (mango)
Pistacia vera (pistachio)
Toxicodendron radicans (poison ivy)
Sapindaceae (soapberries)
Acer (maple)
Litchi chinensis (lychee)
Brassicaceae (mustards/crucifers)
Armoracia rusticana (horseradish)
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
Brassica
B. oleracea (wild cabbage)
B. oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower)
B. oleracea var. capitata (cabbage)
B. oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprout)
B. oleracea var. italica (broccoli)
B. oleracea var. sabellica (kale)
B. rapa (turnip)
Raphanus raphanistrum sativus (radish)
Thellungiella (saltwater cress)
Malvaceae (mallows)
Theobroma cacao (cocoa tree)
Cola (kola nut)
Durio zibethinus (durian)
Bombacoideae
Adansonia (baobab)
Ochroma pyramidale (balsa)
Malvoideae
Gossypium (cotton)
Hibisceae
Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)
Hibiscus
Superasterids
Viscum album (mistletoe)
Caryophyllales
Dionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap)
Amaranthaceae (amaranths)
Amaranthus cruentus (amaranth grain)
Salicornia europaea (glasswort)
Chenopodioideae
Beta vulgaris (beetroot)
Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa)
Spinacia oleracea (spinach)
Cactaceae (cactuses)
Opuntia (prickly pear)
Cactoideae
Brachycereus nesioticus (lava cactus)
Carnegiea gigantica (saguaro)
Selenicereus undatus (dragon fruit)
Caryophyllaceae
Dianthus caryophyllales (carnation)
Eremogone bryophylla
Polygonaceae
Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat)
Rheum × hybridum (rhubarb)
Asterids
Ericales
Diospyros (ebony)
D. kaki (persimmon)
D. lotus (date-plum)
Camellia siniensis (tea plant)
Actinidia deliciosa (fuzzy kiwifruit)
Ericaceae (heaths)
Rhododendron (azalea)
Vaccinium
V. sect. Cyanococcus (blueberry)
V. (Oxycoccus) (cranberry)
Euasterids
Campanulids
Apiales
Apium graviolens (celery)
Conium maculatum (poison hemlock)
Daucus carota sativus (carrot)
Pastinaca sativa (parsnip)
Asterales
Asteroideae
Bellis perennis (daisy)
Chrysanthemum
Helianthus annuus (sunflower)
Cichorieae
Lactuca sativa (lettuce)
Taraxacum officinale (dandelion)
Lamiids
Coffea arabica (coffee)
Lamiales
Mentha spicata (spearmint)
Salvia hispanica (chia)
Lamiaceae
Nepeta cataria (catnip)
Sesamum indicum (sesame)
Oleaceae
Fraxinus (ash)
Olea europaea (olive)
Syringa vulgaris (lilac)
Solanales
Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato)
Solanaceae (nightshades)
Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)
Petunia
Solanoideae
Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade)
Capiscum annuum (chili pepper, bell pepper)
Mandragora (mandrake)
Solanum
S. lycopersicum (tomato)
S. melongena (eggplant/aubergine)
S. tuberosum (potato)
Amorphea/Unikonta
Amoebozoa
Amoeba proteus
Entamoeba histolytica (amoebiasis)
Obazoa
Eumycota (funguses)
†Prototaxites
Ascomycota (sac fungi)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)
Pezizomycotina
Tuber (truffle)
Eurotiomycetes
Aspergillius oryzae (kōji mold)
Penicillium (penicillin)
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Agaricus bisporus (portobello)
Armillaria
A. gallica ("humongous fungus")
A. mellea (honey fungus)
Tremella fuciformes (snow fungus)
Holozoa
Choanoflagellatea
Metazoa (animals)
Porifera (sponges)
Calcarea (calcareous sponges)
Demospongiae (coral sponges)
Chondrocladia lyra (lyre sponge)
Hexactinellida (glass sponges)
Eumetazoa/Diploblasts
Ctenophora (comb jellies)
ParaHoxozoa
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea (soft corals)
Hexacorallia
Actinaria (sea anemones)
Antipathia (black corals)
Scleractinia (stony corals)
Medusozoa (jellyfishes)
Hydrozoa
Hydra viridissima (green hydra)
Siphonophorae
Praya dubia (giant siphonophore)
Cystonectae
Bathyphysa conifera (flying spaghetti monster)
Physalia physalis (Portuguese man o' war)
Cubozoa (box jellyfishes)
Chironex fleckeri (Australian box jelly)
Malo kingi (common kingslayer)
Scyphozoa (true jellyfishes)
Atolla wyvillei (Atolla jellyfish)
Discomedusae
Cephea cephea (crowned jellyfish)
Semaeostomeae
Aurelia aurita (moon jellyfish)
Cyanea capillata (lion's mane jellyfish)
Planulozoa
Placozoa
Bilateria
†Proarticulata
†Dickinsonia
†Spriggina floundersi
Xenacoelomorpha
Nephrozoa
Protostomia
Spiralia
Gnathifera
Chaetognatha (arrow worms)
Rotifera
Platytrochozoa
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Lophrotrochozoa
Annelida (ringed worms)
Lumbricina (earthworms)
Polychaeta (bristle worms, paraphyletic)
Aciculata
Eunice aphroditois (Bobbit worm)
Tomopteris (Gossamer worm)
Sedentaria
Alvinella pompejana (Pompeii worm)
Siboglinidae
Osedax (boneworms)
Riftia pachyptila (giant tube worm)
Brachiopoda
Mollusca (molluscs)
Bivalvia (bivalves)
Heteroconchia
Teredinidae (shipworms)
Venerida (clams)
Spisula solidissima (Atlantic surf clam)
Tridacna gigas (giant clam)
Pteriomorphia
Pinctada (pearl oyster)
Ostreidae (true oysters)
Crassostrea virginica (Eastern oyster)
Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster)
Mytilida (true mussels)
Bathymodiolus
Mytulis edulis (blue mussel)
Gastropoda (snails and slugs)
Haliotidae (abalones)
Chrysomallon squamiferum (scaly-fool snail)
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Littorina littorea (common periwinkle)
Cypraeidae (cowries)
Neogastropoda
Conus (cone snail)
Buccinidae (true whelks)
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Gymnostomata (sea angels)
Panpulmonata
Cephalopoda
Nautilus pompilius (chambered nautilius)
†Orthoceroidea
†Ammonoidea (ammonites)
Coleoidea
†Belemnoidea
Neocoleoidea
Decapodiformes (squids)
Loligo vulgaris (European squid)
Sepia (cuttlefish)
Oegopsida
Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni (colossal squid)
Architeuthis dux (giant squid)
Watasenia scintillans (firefly squid)
Ommastrephidae
Dosidicus gigas (Humbolt squid)
Todarodes pacificus (Pacific flying squid)
Octopodiformes
Vampyroteuthis infernalis (vampire squid)
Octopoda (octopuses)
Grimpoteuthis (dumbo octopuses)
Incirrata
Argonauta (argonauts/paper nautili)
Octopodidae
Octopus vulgaris (common octopus)
Thamoctopus mimicus (mimic octopus)
Ecdysozoa
Priapulida (penis worms)
Nematoda (roundworms)
Panarthropoda
†Hallucigenia sparsa
Onychophora (velvet worms)
Tactopoda
Tardigrada (tardigrades)
†Opabinia regalis
†Anomalocarida
†Anomalocaris
†Hurdiidae
†Aegirocassis benmoulai
†Titanokorys gainesi
†Diania cactiformis
Euarthropoda (arthropods)
Arachnomorpha
†Trilobita
†Olenoides
†Paradoxides
Chelicerata
Pycnogonida (sea spiders)
Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs)
†Eurypterida (sea scorpions)
†Styloneurina
†Hibbertopterus scouleri
†Megarachne servinei
†Eurypterina
†Eurypterus remipes
†Diploperculata
Carcinosomatoidea
†Carcinosoma punctatum
†Megalograptus ohioensis
†Adelophthalmus
†Pterygotoidea
†Jaekelopterus rhenaniae
†Pterygotus anglicus
Arachnida (arachnids)
Acariformes (mites)
Dermanyssus gallinae (red mite)
Sarcoptes scabiei (itch mite)
Opiliones (harvesters/daddy longlegs)
Solifugae (camel spiders)
Ricinulei
†Trigonotarbida
Parasitiformes (ticks)
Scorpiones
†Brontoscorpio anglicus
†Pulmonoscorpio kirktonensis
Tetropulmonata
Amblypygi (whip spiders)
Araneae (spiders)
Mesothelae
Opisthothelae
Mygalomorphae
Atracidae (Australian funnel-web spiders)
Theraphosidae (tarantulas)
Araneomorphae
Loxosceles reclusa (brown recluse)
Entelegynae
Argyroneta aquatica (diving bell spider)
Phoneutria (Brazilian wandering spiders)
Salticidae (jumping spiders)
Araneoidea
Latrodectus (black widow)
Araneidae (orb-weaver spiders)
Linyphiidae (sheet weavers)
Mandibulata
Myriapoda
Chilopoda (centipedes)
Lithobius forficatus (brown centipede)
Scolopendra gigantea (Amazonian giant centipede)
Diplopoda (millipedes)
†Arthropleura
Oniscomorpha (pill millipedes)
Pancrustacea (crustaceans)
Ostracoda (seed shrimps)
Altocrustacea
Multicrustacea
Branchiopoda
Daphnia
Triops
Cirripedia (barnacles)
Copepoda
Malacostraca
Phyllocarida
Nebalia
†Hymenostraca
Stomatopoda (mantis shrimp)
Lysiosquillina maculata (zebra mantis shrimp)
Odontodactylus scyllarus (peacock mantis shrimp)
Pseudosquilla ciliata (common mantis shrimp)
Eumalacostraca
Peracarida
Amphipoda
Alicella gigantea (giant amphipod)
Talitrus saltator (sand hopper)
Isopoda
Bathynomus giganteus (giant isopod)
Oniscus asellus (common wood louse)
Eucarida
Euphausiacea (krill)
Decapoda
Dendrobranchiata (prawns)
Litepenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp)
Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn)
Pleocyemata
Caridea (true shrimps)
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant river prawn)
Alpheoidea (snapping/pistol shrimps)
Reptantia
Astacidea
Astacoidea (crayfishes)
Nephropidae (lobsters)
Anomura
Kiwa (yeti crab)
Porcellanidae (porcelain crabs)
Lithodoidea (king crabs)
Paguroidea (hermit crabs)
Birgus latro (coconut crab)
Coenibita clypeatus (Carribean hermit crab)
Brachyura (crabs)
Dromia dormia (sleepy sponge crab)
Eubrachyura
Heterotremata
Macrocheira kaempferi (Japanese spider crab)
Cancer pagurus (edible/brown crab)
Portunidae (swimming crabs)
Callinectes sapidus (blue crab)
Carcinus maenus (shore crab)
Xanthidae (gorilla crabs)
Thoracotremata
Eriocheir sinensis (Chinese mitten crab)
Ocypodinae (ghost crabs)
Ectognatha (insects)
Zygentoma
Lepisma saccharinum (silverfish)
Thermobia domestia (firebrat)
Pterygota
Ephemeroptera (mayflies)
Odonata
†Meganeura
Anisoptera (dragonflies)
Zygoptera (damselflies)
Neoptera
Polyneoptera
Orthoptera
Acrididea (grasshoppers)
Ensifera
Grylloidea (crickets)
Tettigoniidae (bush crickets/katydids)
Dermaptera (earwigs)
Phasmatodea (stick insects)
Achrioptera
Phryganistria
Dictyoptera
Mantodea ("praying" mantises)
Blattodea (cockroaches, paraphyletic)
Periplaneta americana (American cockroach)
Isoptera (termites)
Eumetabola
Paraneoptera
Phthiraptera (lice)
Hemiptera (true bugs)
Aphidoidea
Cicadoidea (cicadas)
Heteroptera
Reduviidae (assassin bugs)
Pentatomoidea (shield bugs)
Halyomorpha halys (brown marmorated stink bug)
Sphaerocoris annulus (Picasso bug)
Endopterygota/Holometabola
Hymenoptera
Symphyta (sawflies, paraphyletic)
Apocrita (wasps and allies)
Ichneumonidae (Darwin wasps)
Chalcidoidea (chalcid wasps)
Aculeata
Vespidae
Polistes dominula (European paper wasp)
Vespinae
Vespa (hornet)
V. crabro (European hornet)
V. mandarinia (Asian giant hornet/"murder hornet")
Vespula germanica (German wasp)
Anthophila (bees)
Andrenidae (mining bees)
Apidae
Apis (honey bee)
Bombus (bumble bee)
Trigona (vulture bee)
Formicidae (ants)
Eciton burchellii (army ant)
Formicinae
Dinomyrmex gigas (giant forest ant)
Oecophylla (weaver ant)
Myrmicinae
Solenopsis (fire ant)
Attini (leafcutter ants)
Aparaglossata
Neuroptera
Myrmeleontidae (antlions/doodlebugs)
Coleoptera (beetles)
Carabidae (ground beetles)
Polyphaga
Scarabaeoidea
Lucanidae (stag beetles)
Scarabaeidae (scarabs)
Dynastinae (rhinoceros beetles)
Scarabaeinae (true dung beetles)
Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles)
Coccinelidae (ladybugs)
Panorpida
Lepidoptera (moths)
Macroheterocera
Papilionoidea (butterflies)
Danaus plexippus (monarch butterfly)
Papilion machaos (swallowtail)
Antilphora
Diptera (flies)
Culicidae (mosquitos)
Muscomorpha
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)
Asilidae (robber flies)
Siphonaptera (fleas)
Deuterostomia
Echinodermata
Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars)
Asterozoa
Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
Asteroidea (starfishes)
Acanthaster planci (crown-of-thorns)
Pisaster ochraceus (purple sea star)
Echinozoa
Echinoidea (sea urchins)
Echinus esculentus (common sea urchin)
Clypeasteroidea (sand dollars)
Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
Enypniastes eximia (swimming sea cucumber)
Scotoplanes (sea pig)
Chordata
Cephalochordata
†Pikaia gracilens
Amphioxiformes (lancelets)
Olfactores
Tunicata/Urochordata
Appendicularia (larvaceans)
Stolidobranchia
Thaliacea
Pyrosoma (pyrosome)
Salpida (salps)
Vertebrata (vertebrates)
†Myllokumingiida
†Haikouichthys ercaicunensis
†Myllokumingia fengjiaoa
Agnatha (jawless fishes, paraphyletic)
Cyclostomata
Hyperoartia
Petromyzontiformes (lampreys)
Myxini (hagfish)
†Conodonta
†Pteraspidomorphi
†Arandaspis
†Sacabambaspis
Gnathostomata (jawed fishes)
†Placodermi (paraphyletic)
†Romundina stellina
†Antiarchi
†Pterichtyodes milleri
Bothriolepoidei
†Bothriolepis canadensis
†Microbrachius dicki
†Lunaspis heroldi
†Ptyctodontidae
†Australoptyctodus gardineri
†Materpiscis attenboroughi
†Entelognathus primordialis?
†Arthrodira
†Phyllolepis concentrica
†Brachythoraci
†Coccosteomorphi
†Coccosteus cuspidatus
†Incisoscutum ritchei
†Pachyosteomorphi
Dinichthyoidea
†Dinichthys herzei
†Titanichthys agassizi
Dunkleosteoidea
†Dunkleosteus terrelli
†Heterosteus
Eugnathostomata
†Acanthodii (paraphyletic)
†Acanthodes
†Climatius
†Diplacanthus
†Gyracanthus
†Ischnacanthus
Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish)
Holocephali
†Helicoprion bessonowi
Chimaeriformes (chimaeras)
†Symoriiformes
†Cladoselache
†Stethacanthus altonensis
Elasmobranchii
Neoselachii
Batoidea (rays)
Torpediniformes (electric rays)
Tetronarce nobiliana (Atlantic torpedo)
Torpedo torpedo (common torpedo)
Rhinopristiformes
Rhina ancylostoma (shark ray)
Pristidae (sawfishes)
Rajidae (skates)
Mylobatoidei (stingrays)
Dasyatidae (whiptail stingrays)
Mylobatidae (eagle rays)
Mobula (manta ray)
Mylobatis aquila (common eagle ray)
Selachii/Selachimorpha (sharks)
Squalomorphii
Hexanchiformes
Chlamydoselachus aguineus (frilled shark)
Hexanchus (sixgill shark)
Pristioformes (sawsharks)
Squaliformes
Isistius (cookie cutter shark)
Somniosus microcephalus (Greenland shark)
Galeomorphii
Orectobliformes (carpet sharks)
Ginglymostoma cirratum (nurse shark)
Rhincodon typus (whale shark)
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (epaulette shark)
Orectoblidae (wobbegongs)
Carcharhiniformes (ground sharks)
Carcharhinidae (requiem sharks)
Carcharinus
C. leucas (bull shark)
C. melanopterus (blacktip reef shark)
Galeocerdo cuvier (tiger shark)
Negaprion brevirostris (lemon shark)
Triaenodon obesus (whitetip reef shark)
Scyliorhinidae (catsharks)
Sphyrnidae (hammerhead sharks)
Eusphyra blochii (winghead shark)
Sphyrna
S. mokarran (great hammerhead)
S. tiburo (bonnethead)
Lamniformes (mackerel sharks)
†Aquilolamna (eagle shark)
†Cretoxyrhina (Ginsu shark)
Mitsukurina owstoni (goblin shark)
Alopias vulpinus (common thresher)
Megachasma pelagios (megamouth shark)
†Otodontidae ("megatoothed sharks")
†Cretalamna appendiculatus
†Otodus megalodon (megalodon)
Carcharias taurus (sand tiger shark)
Cetorhinus maximus (basking shark)
Lamnidae
Lamna nasus (porbeagle)
Carcharodon carcharias (great white shark)
Isurus oxyrinchus (shortfin mako shark)
Osteichthyes/Euteleostomi (bony fishes)
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
Acipenseridae (sturgeons)
Neopterygii
†Leedsichthys problematicus
Teleostei
†Xiphactinus
Teleocephala
Elopomorpha
Anguilliformes (eels)
Eurypharynx pelicanoides (pelican/gulper eel)
Muraenidae (moray eels)
Elopiformes
Osteoglossocephala
Osteoglossomorpha
Arapaima
Mormyridae (freshwater elephantfishes)
Clupeocephala
Otocephala
Clupeiformes
Clupeidae (herrings)
Engraulidae (anchovies)
Ostariophysi
Chanos chanos (milkfish)
Otophysi
Cypriniformes (carps and minnows)
Characiformes
Paracheirodon innesi (neon tetra)
Serrasalmidae (piranhas)
Gymnotiformes
Electrophorus (electric eel)
Gymnotus carpo (banded knifefish)
Siluriformes (catfishes)
Euteleostei
Protacanthopterygii
Argentiniformes (marine smelts)
Opisthoproctus soleatus (barreleye)
Esox (pike)
Salmonidae (salmons and trouts)
Oncorhynchus
O. clarkii (cutthroat trout)
O. mykiss (rainbow trout)
O. tshawytscha (Chinook salmon)
Salmonini
Salmo
S. salar (Atlantic salmon)
S. trutta (brown trout)
Salvelinus alpinus (Arctic char)
Stomiiformes (dragonfishes)
Chauliodus (viperfish)
Gonostomatidae (bristlemouths)
Neoteleostei
Myctophidae (lanternfish)
Acanthomorpha
Lampriformes
Lampris guttatus (opah)
Regalecus glesne (giant oarfish)
Paracanthopterygii
Gadus (cod)
Zeidae (dories)
Percomorpha
Batrachodidae (toadfishes)
Scombriformes
Scomber scombrus (Atlantic mackerel)
Thunnus thynnus (Atlantic bluefin tuna)
Syngnathiformes
Aulostomus (trumpetfish)
Sygnathidae
Hippocampus kuda (common seahorse)
Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (common seadragon)
Carangaria
Carangiformes
Coryphaena (dolphinfish)
Remora remora (common remora)
Istiophoriformes (billfishes)
Sphryaena (barracuda)
†Xiphiorhynchus
Istiophoridae (marlins)
Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes)
Ovalentaria
Cichlidae (cichlids)
Cichla (peacock bass)
Pseudocrenilabrinae
Coptodon zillli (redbelly tilapia)
Oreochromini
Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)
Sarotherodon galilaeus (mango tilapia)
Kryptolebias marmoratus (mangrove rivulus)
Exocoetidae (flying fishes)
Mugilidae (mullets)
Pomacentridae
Amphiprioninae (clownfishes)
Pomacentrinae (damselfishes)
Percomorpharia?
Labridae (wrasses)
Uranoscopidae (stargazers)
Perciformes (perches)
Channichthyidae (crocodile icefishes)
Percoidea
Lutjanus campechanus (northern red snapper)
Toxotes jaculatrix (banded archerfish)
Pomacanthidae (marine angelfishes)
Serranidae (sea basses)
Scorpaeniformes
Anarrhichthys ocellatus (wolf eel)
Pseudoliparis swirei (Mariana snailfish)
Psychrolutidae (blobfishes)
Scorpaenoidei
Pterois volitans (lionfish)
Synanceia horrida (estuarine stonefish)
Lophiiformes (anglerfishes)
Melanocetus johnsonii (Humpback anglerfish)
Antennariidae (frogfishes)
Tetraodontiformes
Mola mola (ocean sunfish)
Diodontidae (porcupinefishes)
Tetraodontidae (pufferfishes)
Arothron meleagris (guineafowl puffer)
Takifugu
Torquigener albomaculosus
Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes)
†Guiyu oneiros
†Psarolepis romeri
Actinistia
†Serenichthys kowiensis
†Rebellatrix divaricerca
†Coelacanthiformes (coelocanths)
†Coelacanthus granulatus
Latimeria chalumnae (West Indian Ocean coelacanth)
Rhipidistia
Dipnoi (lungfish)
Tetrapodomorpha
†Tungsenia paradoxa
Eotetrapodiformes
†Eusthenopteron foordi
Elpistostegalia
†Panderichthys
Stegocephalia
†Tiktaalik roseae
†Acanthostega gunnari
†Ichthyostega stenisoei
Tetrapoda
Batrachomorpha (amphibians, paraphyletic)
†Lepospondyli
Diplocaulus
†Temnospondyli
†Gerobatrachus hottoni
Lissamphibia (modern amphibians)
Gymnophiona (caecilians)
Urodela (salamanders)
Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl)
Cryptobranchidae (giant salamanders)
Salientia
†Triadobatrachus massinoti
Anura (frogs)
Lithobates sylvanicus (wood frog)
Hyloidea
†Beelzebufo ampinga (devil frog)
Rhinella marina (cane toad)
Dendrobatidae (poison dart frogs)
Amniota
Sauropsida (reptiles)
†Parareptilia
†Mesosauridae
†Mesosaurus
†Stereosternum
†Pareiasauria
†Procolophonia
Eureptilia
†Captorhinus
Diapsida
†Ichthyopterygia
†Omphalosaurus
†Ichthyosauria
†Cymbospondylus
†Merriamosauria
†Shastasaurus
†Parvipelvia
†Temnodontosaurus
†Thunnosauria
†Ichthyosaurus communis
†Ophthalmosaurus icenicus
Sauria
Lepidosauria
Rhynchocephalia
Sphenodon punctatus (tuatara)
†Vadasaurus herzogi
Squamata (scaled reptiles)
Gekkota (geckos)
Unidentata
Scincidae (skinks)
Episquamata
Lacertoidea/Laterata
Amphisbaenia (worm lizards)
Blanus cinereus (Iberian worm lizard)
Bipes biporus (Mexican mole lizard)
Lacertidae (true lizards)
Teiidae (tegus)
Toxicofera
Anguimorpha
Heloderma suspectum (Gila monster)
Varanus (monitor lizard)
V. komodoensis (Komodo dragon)
V. priscus ("Megalania")
Iguanomorpha
Chamaeleonidae (chameleons)
Iguanoidea
Dactyloidea (anoles)
Basiliscus (basilisk/"Jesus lizard")
Iguanidae
Amblyrhynchus cristatus (marine iguana)
Iguana iguana (green iguana)
Pythonomorpha
†Mosasauroidea
†Aigialosauridae
†Mosasauridae
†Platycarpus tympaniticus
†Tylosaurus proriger
†Mosasaurinae
†Clidastes propython
†Globidens
†Mosasaurini
†Prognathodon rapax
†Mosasaurus hoffmannii
†Plotosaurus bennisoni
Ophidia
†Dinilysia patagonica
†Najash rionegrina
Serpentes (snakes)
†Pachyrhachis problematicus
Afrophidia
Pythonidae (pythons)
Malayopython reticulatus (reticulated python)
Python bivittatus (Burmese python)
Boidae
†Titanoboa
Boa constrictor
Eunectes murinus (green anaconda)
Colubroidea
Viperidae (vipers)
Bitis gabonica (Gaboon viper)
Crotalinae (pit vipers)
Agkistrodon piscivorus (cottonmouth)
Crotalus (rattlesnake)
Colubridae
Dispholidus typus (boomslang)
Lampropeltis (kingsnake)
Elapidae (cobras)
Dendroaspis polylepis (black mamba)
Naja (true cobra)
Ophiophagus hannah (king cobra)
Hydrophiinae (sea snakes)
Archosauromorpha/Archelosauria
Pantestudines?
†Sauropterygia?
†Placodontia
†Eosauropterygia
†Nothosauria
†Pistosauria
†Pistosaurus
†Plesiosauria
†Pliosauroidea
†Rhomaleosaurus
†Pliosauridae
†Liopleurodon
†Kronosaurus
†Pliosaurus
†Plesiosauroidea
†Plesiosaurus dolichocheirus
†Cryptoclidia
†Cryptoclidus
†Xenopsaria
†Elasmosaurus platyurus
†Polycotylus
†Eunotosaurus africanus
†Pappochelys
†Odontochelys semitestacea
Testudinata
†Proganochelys
Testudines (turtles)
Pleurodira (side-necked turtles)
Cryptodira (hidden neck turtles)
Testudinidae (tortoises)
Aldabrachelys gigantea (Aldabra giant tortoise)
Chelonoidis niger (Galapágos tortoise)
Testudinoidea
Chrymsemys picta (painted turtle)
Malaclemys terrapin (diamondback terrapin)
Americhelydia
Chelydridae (snapping turtles)
Panchelonioidea
†Protostegidae
†Archelon ischryos
†Desmatochelys
†Protostega gigas
Chelonioidea (sea turtles)
Chelonias mydas (green sea turtle)
Dermochelys coriacea (leatherback sea turtle)
†Protorosaurus
†Tanystropheus
Crocopoda
†Rhynchosauria
†Hyperodapedon
Archosauriformes
†Euparkeria capensis
Crurotarsi
†Phytosauria
Archosauria
Pseudosuchia
†Ornithosuchidae
Suchia
†Aetosuchia
Paracrocodylomorpha
†Poposauroidea
Loricata
†Prestosuchus chiniquensis
†Batrachotomus kupferzellensis
†Postosuchus kirkpatricki
Crocodylomorpha
†Terrestrisuchus gracilis
Crocodyliformes
†Orthosuchus stormbergi
Metasuchia
†Notosuchia
†Araripesuchus gomesii
†Simosuchus clarki
†Notosuchus terristris
†Chimaerasuchus paradoxus
†Sebecosuchia
†Baurusuchus pachechoi
†Sebecus icaeorhinus
†Mahajangasuchidae
†Kaprosuchus saharicus
†Mahajangasuchus insignis
Neosuchia
†Thalattosuchia ("marine crocodiles")
†Metriorhynchidae
†Dakosaurus maximus
†Magyarosaurus fitosi
†Teleosauroidea
†Bathysuchus megarhinus
†Machimosaurus rex
†Tethysuchia
†Sarcosuchus imperator
†Dyrosauridae
†Atoposauridae
†Alligatorellus
†Knoetschkesuchus
†Goniopholidae
†Amphicotylus
†Anteophthalmosuchus
†Goniopholis
†Paralligatoridae
†Batrachomimus
†Wannchampsus
†Laganosuchus
†Susisuchus
Eusuchia
†Allodaposuchus
Crocodilia
Alligatoroidea
†Deinosuchus
Alligatoridae
Alligator
Caiman
Longirostres
Gavialis gangeticus (gharial)
Crocodylinae (true crocodiles)
†Voay
Crocodylus
C. niloticus (nile crocodile)
C. porosus (saltwater crocodile)
Avemetatarsalia
†Scleromochlus
†Aphanosauria
Ornithodira
†Pterosauria
†Dimorphodon
†Rhamphorynchus
†Caelidracones
†Anurognathidae
†Pterodactyolidea
†Pterodactylus antiquus
†Ornithocheiroidea
†Azhdarchoidea
†Sinopterus
†Neoazdharchia
†Thalassodromeus
†Azhdarchidae
†Hatzegopteryx
†Quetzalcoatlus northropi
†Pteranodontoidea
†Pteranodontia
†Nyctosaurus gracilis
†Pteranodon longiceps
†Lanceodontia
†Istiodactylus
†Ornithocheirae
†Anhangueridae
†Ornithicheiridae
†Ornithocheirus simus
†Tropeognathus mesembrinus
Dinosauromorpha
†Silesaurus
Dinosauria
†Saurischia
†Herrerasauridae
†Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis
†Staurikosaurus pricei
†Sauropodomorpha
†Plateosaurus
†Massopoda
†Massospondylus
†Sauropodiformes
†Yunnanosaurus
†Anchisauria
†Anchisaurus
†Sauropoda
†Vulcanodon
†Eusauropoda
†Shunosaurus
†Mamenchisaurus
†Neosauropoda
†Diplodocoidea
†Rebbachisauridae
†Nigersaurus taqueti
†Rebbachisaurus garasbae
†Flagellicaudata
†Amargasaurus cazaui
†Diplodocidae
†Apatosaurinae
†Apatosaurus ajax
†Brontosaurus excelsus
†Diplodocinae
†Supersaurus vivianae
†Barosaurus lentus
†Diplodocus carnegii
†Macronaria
†Camarasaurus supremus
†Titanosauriformes
†Brachiosauridae
†Europasaurus
†Brachiosaurus altithorax
†Giraffatitan
†Sonorasaurus
†Somphospondyli
†Euhelopodidae
†Titanosauria
†Dreadnoughtus
†Lithostrothia
†Aeolosaurus
†Saltasauridae
†Alamosaurus sanjuanensis
†Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii
†Saltasaurus loricatus
†Colossosauria
†Rinconsaurus
†Lognkosauria
†Puertasaurus
†Argentinosaurus huinculensis
†Notocolossus
†Patagotitan
Ornithoscelida
†Ornithischia
†Heterodontisaurus
†Genasauria
†Thyreophora (armored dinosaurs)
†Stegosauria
†Kentrosaurus
†Hesperosaurus
†Stegosaurus stenops
†Wuerhosaurus
†Ankylosauria
†Stegouros elengassen
†Euankylosauria
†Ankylosauridae
†Cedarpelta
†Pinacosaurus
†Scolosaurus
†Euoplocephalus
†Ankylosaurus magniventris
†Nodosauridae
†Hylaeosaurus armatus
†Polacanthinae
†Gargoyleosaurus
†Gastonia
†Nodosaurinae
†Peloroplites
†Sauropelta
†Struthiosaurus
Panoplosaurini
†Animantarx
†Edmontonia
†Neornithischia
†Hypsilophodon foxii
†Cerapoda
†Marginocephalia
†Pachycephalosauria
†Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis
†Stegoceras
†Ceratopsia
†Psittacosaurus
†Coronosauria
†Protoceratops andrewsi
†Ceratopsidae
†Centrosaurinae
†Medusasaurus lokii
†Styracosaurus
†Pachyrhinosaurus
†Chasmosaurinae
†Chasmosaurus
†Torosaurus
†Triceratops horridus
†Ornithopoda
†Elasmaria
†Iguanodontia
†Tenontosaurus
†Dryomorpha
†Dryosaurus altus
†Ankylopollexia
†Iguanodon bernissartensis
†Hadrosauriformes
†Ouranosaurus nigeriensis
†Hadrosauridae (duck-billed dinosaurs)
†Hadrosaurus foulkii
†Euhadrosauria
†Lambeosaurinae
†Parasaurolophus walkeri
†Lambeosaurini
†Corythosaurus casuarius
†Lambeosaurus lambei
†Saurolophinae
†Brachylophosaurini
†Brachylophosaurus
†Maiasaura peeblesorum
†Gryposaurus notabilis
†Edmontosaurus regalis
†Prosaurolophus maximus
Theropda
†Eoraptor lunensis
†Tawa hallae
Neotheropoda
†Coelophysis baurii
†Dilophosaurus wetherilli
Averostra
†Ceratosauria
†Ceratosaurus nasicornis
†Abelisauroidea
†Abelisauridae
†Majungasaurinae
†Majungasaurus crenatissmus
†Rajasaurus narmadensis
†Brachyrostra
†Ekrixinatosaurus novasi
†Skorpiovenator bustingorryi
†Carnotaurini
†Aucasaurus garridoi
†Carnotaurus sastrei
†Noasauridae
†Berthasaura leopoldinae
†Limusaurus inextricabilis
Noasaurinae
†Vespersaurus paranaensis
†Masiakasaurus knopfleri
Tetanurae
†Cryolophosaurus ellioti
†Sinosaurus
Avetheropoda
†Carnosauria
†Monolophosaurus
†Spinosauridae
†Baryonychinae
†Baryonyx walkeri
†Suchomimus tenerensis
†Spinosaurinae
†Irritator challengeri
†Spinosaurus aegyptiacus
†Megalosauridae
†Eustreptospondylus
†Megalosaurinae
†Megalosaurus bucklandii
†Torvosaurus tanneri
Allosauroidea
†Yangchuanosaurus
†Allosauria
†Allosauridae
†Allosaurus fragilis
†Saurophaganax maximus
†Carcharodontosauria
†Neovenatoridae
†Neovenator salerii
†Siats meekerorum
†Carcharodontosauridae
†Concavenator corcovatus
†Acrocanthosaurus atokensis
†Carcharodontosaurinae
†Carcharodontosaurus saharicus
†Giganotosaurini
†Giganotosaurus carolinii
†Mapusaurus roseae
Coelurosauria
†Tyrannosauroidea
†Yutyrannus huali
†Pantyrannosauria
†Moros intrepidus
†Eutyrannosauria
†Dryptosaurus aquilunguis
†Tyrannosauridae
†Albertosaurinae
†Albertosaurus sarcophagus
†Gorgosaurus libratus
†Tyrannosaurinae
†Daspletosaurus torosus
†Tarbosaurus bataar
†Tyrannosaurus rex
Tyrannoraptora
Compsognathidae
†Compsognathus longipes
†Sinosauropteryx prima
Maniraptoriformes
†Ornithomimosauria
†Deinocheirus mirificus
†Ornithomimidae
†Gallimimus bullatus
†Ornithomimus edmontonicus
Maniraptora
†Therizinosauria
†Falcarius utahensis
†Therizinosauroidea
†Beipiaosaurus inexpectus
†Therizinosauridae
†Segnosaurus galbinensis
†Therizinosaurus cheloniformis
Pennaraptora
†Oviraptorosauria
†Caudipteryx zoui
†Oviraptor philoceratops
Paraves
†Scansoriopterygidae
†Epidexipteryx
†Scansoriopteryx
†Yi qi
Eumaniraptora
†Deinonychosauria
†Troodontidae
†Saurornithoides
†Sinovenator
†Dromaeosauridae
†Microraptoria
†Microraptor zhaoianus
†Sinornithosaurus
†Velociraptor mongoliensis
†Dromaeosaurinae
†Deinonychus antirrhopus
†Dromaeosaurus albertensis
†Utahraptor ostrommaysi
Avialae
†Anchiornis huxleyi
†Archaeopteryx lithographica
Euavialae
†Confuciousornis sanctus
Pygostalia
†Enantiornithes
†Iberomesornis romerali
†Junornis houi
†Feitianius paradisi
†Cathayornis yandica
†Concornis lacustris
†Sinornis santensis
Euornithes
†Patagopteryx
Ornithurae
†Ichthyornis
†Hesperornis
Neorithes (birds)
Palaeognathidae (ratites)
Struthio camelus (ostrich)
Notopalaeognathae
Rhea (rhea)
†Dinornithiformes (moas)
Tinamiformes (tinamous)
Novaeratitae
Apteryx australia (common kiwi)
†Aepyornithidae (elephant birds)
Casuariidae
Casuarius casuarius (Southern cassowary)
Dromaius novaehollandiae (emu)
Neognathae
Galloanserae (fowls)
Galliformes (gamebirds/landfowls)
Meleagris gallopavo (wild turkey)
Phasianinae
Gallus gallus (chicken)
Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl)
Odontoanserae
†Gastornis
Anseriformes (waterfowls)
Anas platyrhynchos (mallard/wild duck)
Anserini
Branta canadensis (Canada goose)
Cygnus cygnus (whooper swan)
Neoaves
Columbea
Columbidae (pigeons/doves)
†Ectopistes migratorius (passenger pigeon)
†Raphus cucullatus (dodo)
Mirandornithes
Phoenicopteridae (flamingos)
Podicipediformes (grebes)
Passerea
Charadriiformes (shorebirds)
Scolopacidae (sandpipers)
Lari
Larus marinus (great black-backed gull)
Alcidae (auks)
Gruriformes
Gruidae (cranes)
Rallidae (rails)
Opisthocomus hoazin (hoatzin)
Otidimorphae
Musophagiformes (turacos)
Cuculiformes (cuckoos)
Geococcyx californianus (greater roadrunner)
Otididae
Ardeotis kori (kori bustard)
Otis tarda (great bustard)
Strisores
Nyctibius grandis (great potoo)
Trochilinae (hummingbirds)
Mellisuga helenae (bee hummingbird)
Ardeae
Phaethon aetherus (red-billed tropicbird)
Aequornithes (waterbirds)
Austrodyptornithes
Diomedeidae (albatrosses)
Spheniscidae (penguins)
Aptenodytes forsteri (emperor penguin)
Eudyptula minor (little penguin)
Pygoscelis adeliae (Adélie penguin)
Spheniscus mendiculus (Galápagos penguin)
Pelecanimorphae
Ciconiiformes (storks)
Ciconia ciconia (white stork)
Leptoptilos crumenifer (marabou stork)
Pelecaniformes
Pelicanus onocrotalus (great white pelican)
Ardeidae (herons)
Telluraves (landbirds)
Accipitrimorphae
Accipitriformes
Sagittarius serpentarius (secretarybird)
Pandion haliaetus (osprey)
Accipitridae (hawks)
Aquila audax (wedge-tailed eagle)
Harpia harpyja (harpy eagle)
Buteoninae
Buteo (buzzard)
Haliaeetus leucocephalus (bald eagle)
Gypinae (Old World vultures)
Cathartiformes
Cathartidae (New World vultures)
Cathartes aura (turkey vulture/buzzard)
Vultur gryphus (Andean condor)
†Teratornithidae
†Argentavis magnificens
†Teratornis merriami
Strigiformes (owls)
Coraciimorphae
Coraciiformes (kingfishers)
Piciformes
Picidae (woodpeckers)
Ramphastidae (toucans)
Australaves
Cariamiformes
Cariamidae (seriemas)
†Phorusrhacidae (terror birds)
†Brontornis burmeisteri
†Patagornis marshi
†Phorusacinae
†Kelenken guillermoi
†Titanis walleri
Eufalconimorphae
Falconidae
Herpetotheres cachinnans (laughing falcon)
Falco peregrinus (peregrine falcon)
Polyborinae (caracaras)
Psittacopasserae
Psittaciformes (parrots)
Passeriformes (perching birds)
Tyranni (suboscines)
Passeri (singbirds/oscines)
Menurida (lyrebirds)
Corvides
Oriolidae (Old World orioles)
Corvoidea
Paradisaeidae (birds-of-paradise)
Laniidae (shrikes/butcherbirds)
Corvidae (crows)
Cyanocitta cristata (blue jay)
Corvinae
Corvus
C. brachyrhyncos (American crow)
C. corax (common raven)
Pica pica (European magpie)
Passerides
Hirundinidae (swallows)
Muscicapida
Troglodytidae (wrens)
Muscicapoidea
Turdidae (thrushes)
Turdus migratorius (American robin)
Buphagus (oxpecker)
Mimidae (mockingbirds)
Passerida
Passeridae (sparrows)
Fringillidae (finches)
Serinus canaria domestica (domestic canary)
Icteridae (New World blackbirds)
Agelaius phoeniceus (red-winged blackbird)
Cardinalidae (cardinals)
Thaurpidae (tanagers)
Geospizinae (Darwin's finches)
Synapsida
†Caseasauria
†Eothyris parkeyi
†Caseidae
†Casea broilii
†Cotylorhynchus romeri
Eupelycosauria
†Varanopidae
†Ophiacodontidae
Sphenacomorpha
†Edaphosauridae
†Edaphosaurus pogonias
†Gordodon kraineri
Sphenacodontia
†Sphenacodontidae
†Dimetrodon limbatus
†Secodontosaurus obtusidens
Therapsida
†Dinocephalia
†Estemmenosuchus
†Moschops
Neotherapsida
†Anomodontia
†Anomocephalus
†Dicynodontia
†Lystrosaurus
†Geikiidae
†Aulocephalodon baini
†Bulbasaurus phylloxyron
Theriodontia
†Gorgonopsia
Eutheriodontia
†Therocephalia
Cynodontia
†Thrinaxodon
Eucynodontia
†Cynognathia
Mammaliaformes
†Morganucodon
Mammalia (mammals)
Monotremata (monotremes)
Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus)
Tachyglossidae (echidnas)
†Eutriconodonta
Theria
Marsupialiformes
†Sparassodonta
†Thylacosmilus atrox
†Borhyaenidae
Marsupialia (marsupials)
Didelphimorpha (opossums/possums)
Didelphis virginiana (Virginia opossum)
Didelphia marsupialis (common opossum)
Australidelphia
Agreomorpha
Dasyuromorpha
Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil)
†Thylacinus cynocephalis (thylacine/Tasmanian tiger)
Peramelemorphia (bandicoots)
Diprotodontia
Vombatiformes
Phascolarctos cinereus (koala)
†Thylacoleo carnifex ("marsupial lion")
†Diprotodon opatum
Vombatus ursinus (common wombat)
Phalangerida
Phalangeriformes (possums)
Macropodidae (kangaroos)
Macropus giganteus (eastern grey kangaroo)
Osphanter rufus (red kangaroo)
Eutheria
†Juramaia
Placentalia (placentals)
†Meridiungulata?
†Pyrotherium romeroi
†Litopterna
†Notoungulata
†Mesotherium cristatus
†Toxodon platensis
Atlantogenata
Xenarthra
Cingulata (armadillos)
Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo)
†Glyptodontinae
†Doedicurus clavicaudatus
†Glyptodon clavipes
Pilosa
Vermilingua (anteaters)
Cyclopes didactylus (silky/pygmy anteater)
Myrmecophagidae
Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater)
Tamandua tetradactyla (southern tamandua)
Folivora (sloths)
Choloepus (two-toed sloth)
Megatheroidea
Bradypus variegatus (brown-throated sloth)
†Megatheriidae
†Eremotherium laurillardi
†Megatherium americanum (giant ground sloth)
Afrotheria
Afroinsectiphilia
Orycteropus afer (aardvark)
Afroinsectivora
Macroscelidea (elephant shrews)
Afrosoricida
Chrysochloridae (golden moles)
Tenrecomorpha (tenrecs and otter shrews)
Paenungulata
Hyracoidea (hyraxes)
Tethytheria
Sirenia (sea cow)
Trichechus (manatee)
Dugongidae
Dugong dugon (dugong)
†Hydrodamalis gigas (Steller's sea cow)
Proboscidea
†Moeritherium
†Deinotherium
Elephantiformes
†Mammut (mastodon)
Elephantida
†Gomphotheriidae
Elephantoidea
†Stegodon
Elephantidae
Loxodonta africana (African elephant)
Elephantini
†Palaeoloxodon namadicus
Elephantina
Elephas maximus (Asian elephant)
†Mammuthus primigenius (wooly mammoth)
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Eulipotyphla
Solenodontidae (solenodons)
Talpidae (moles)
Condylura cristata (star-nosed mole)
Talpla europaea (European mole)
Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
Soricidae (shrews)
Scrotifera
Chiroptera (bats)
Yangochiroptera
Phyllostomidae (New World leaf-nosed bats)
Desmodus rotundus (common vampire bat)
Vampyrum spectrum (spectral bat)
Vespertillionidae (vesper bats)
Yinpterochiroptera
Pteropodidae (megabats/fruit bats)
Pteropus medius (Indian flying fox)
Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian fruit bat)
Rhinolophoidea
Crasonycteridae thonglongyai (bumblebee bat)
Rhinolophus (horseshoe bat)
Ferungulata
Ungulata
Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
†Phenacodontidae
Tapiromorpha
†Chalicotheriidae
†Chalicotherium goldfussi
†Moropus
Ceratomorpha
Tapirus (tapir)
Rhinocerotoidea
†Hyracodon
†Paraceratherium
Rhinocerotidae
†Elasmotherium sibiricum ("Siberian unicorn")
Rhinocerotinae
Ceratotherium simum (white rhino)
Diceros bicornis (black rhino)
Rhinoceros
R. sondaicus (Javan rhino)
R. unicornis (Indian rhino)
†Coelodonta antiquitatis (wooly rhino)
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Sumatran rhino)
Hippomorpha
†Brontotheriidae
Equidae
†Eohippus anguistidens
†Mesohippus
Equus
E. ferus caballus (horse)
E. (Hippotigris) quagga (plains zebra)
E. (Asinus) africanus asinus (donkey)
Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
Camelidae
Camelus (camel)
C. bactrianus (Bactrian camel)
C. dromedarius (dromedary)
Lama
L. glama (llama)
L. pacos (alpaca)
Artiofabula
Suina
Tayassuidae (peccaries)
Suidae
Phacochoerus (warthog)
Sus scrofa (wild boar)
Cetruminantia
Ruminantia
Tragulidae (chevrotains)
Pecora
Antilocapra americana (pronghorn)
Giraffidae
Giraffa cameloleopardalis (giraffe)
Okapia johnstoni (okapi)
Cervidae (deer)
†Megaloceros
Capreolinae
Alces alces (moose/elk)
Rangifer tarandus (reindeer/caribou)
Moschus (musk deer)
Bovidae
Bovinae
Bovina
Bison bison (American bison)
Bos
B. taurus (cattle)
B. primigenius (auroch)
Bubalina (true buffalos)
Bubalis bubalis (water buffalo)
Syncerus caffer (cape buffalo)
Aegodontia
Antilopinae
Gazella (gazelle)
Saiga tatarica (saiga)
Connochaetes (wildebeest/gnu)
Caprinae
Oreamnos americanus (mountain goat)
Caprini
Capra hircus (domestic goat)
Ovis
O. aries (domestic sheep)
O. canadensis (bighorn sheep)
Cetancodontamorpha
†Andrewsarchus
†Entelodontidae (hell pigs)
†Archaeotherium
†Daeodon
Whippomorpha
Hippopotamus amphibius (hippo)
Cetaceamorpha
†Raoellidae
†Indohyus
Cetacea
†Pakicetus
†Ambulocetus natans
†Remingtonocetidae
†Protocetidae
†Maiacetus
†Rodhocetus
†Basilosauridae
†Basilosaurus
†Dorudon
Neoceti
Mysticeti (baleen whales)
†Llanocetidae
†Llanocetus denticrenatus
†Mystacodon selenensis
Eubalaena glacialis (North Atlantic right whale)
Eschrichtius robustus (grey whale)
Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
Balaeonptera musculus (blue whale)
Megaptera novaeangliae (humpback whale)
Odontoceti (toothed whales)
Physteroidea
Kogia sima (dwarf sperm whale)
Physeteridae
†Livyatan melvillei
Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale)
Ziphius cavirostris (Cuvier's beaked whale)
Delphinida
?†Lipotes vexilifer (baiji)
Delphinoidea (dolphins)
Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins)
Orcinus orca (killer whale)
Tursiops truncatus (bottlenose dolphin)
Phocoenidae (porpoises)
Phocoena
P. phocoena (harbor porposie)
P. sinus (vaquita)
Monodontidae
Dolphinapterus leucas (beluga)
Monodon monoceros (narwhal)
Ferae
Pholidota (pangolins)
†Hyaenodonta
Carnivora
Caniformia
†Amphicyonidae (bear-dogs)
†Amphicyon major
†Gustafsonia cognita
Canoidea
Canidae
†Hesperocyoninae
†Borophaginae (bone-crushing dogs)
Caninae
Vulpes vulpes (red fox)
Canini
†Aenocyon dirus (dire wolf)
Lycaon pictus (African wild dog)
Canis
C. latrans (coyote)
C. lupus (gray wolf)
C. l. familiaris (domestic dog)
Arctoidea
Ursidae
†Hemicyoninae (dog bears)
†Ursavus
Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda)
†Arctodus simus (giant short-faced bear)
Ursus
†U. spelaeus (cave bear)
U. americanus (American black bear)
U. thibetanus (Asian black bear)
U. arctos (brown bear)
U. a. middendorffi (Kodiak bear)
U. maritimus (polar bear)
Pan-Pinnipedia
†Amphicynodontidae
†Kolponomos
†Parictis
†Semantoridae
†Potamotherium
†Puijila darwini
Pinnipedia (seals)
Phocidae (earless/true seals)
Monachinae
Monachini (monk seals)
Hydrurga leptonyx (leopard seal)
Mirounga (elephant seal)
Phocinae
Phoca vitulina (harbor seal)
Pusa sibirica (Baikal seal)
Otarioidea
Odobenus rosmarus (walrus)
Otariidae (sea lions)
Musteloidea
Mephitis mephitis (striped skunk)
Ailurus fulgens (red panda)
Procyon lotor (common raccoon)
Mustelidae
Taxidea taxus (American badger)
Mellivora capensis (honey badger)
Guloninae
Pekania pennati (fisher)
Gulo gulo (wolverine)
Martes (marten)
Lutrinae (otters)
Enhydra lutris (sea otter)
Lutra lutra (Eurasian otter)
Mustelinae
Neogale vison (American mink)
Mustela (weasel)
M. furo (ferret)
M. lutreola (European mink)
M. nivalis (least weasel)
Feliformia
†Nimravidae
†Dinofelis
Aeluroidea
Viverroidea
Viverridae (civets)
Herpestoidea
Hyaenidae (hyenas)
†Chasmaporthetes (running hyena)
Hyaeninae
†Pachycrocuta brevirostris (giant short-faced hyena)
Crocuta crocuta (spotted/laughing hyena)
Eupleridae
Cryptoprocta ferox (fossa)
Herpestidae (mongooses)
Feloidea
†Barbourofelidae
Felidae
†Machairodontinae
†Metailurini
†Dinofelis
†Metailurus
†Homotherium latidens (scimitar cat)
†Smilodontini (dirk-toothed cats)
†Megantereon cultridens
†Smilodon populator (sabretooth cat)
Felinae
Caracal caracal
Leopardus pardalis (ocelot)
Lynx
L. lynx (Eurasian lynx)
L. rufus (bobcat)
Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Puma concolor (cougar/mountain lion)
Prionailurus
P. bengalensis (leopard cat)
P. viverrinus (fishing cat)
Felis
F. catus (domestic cat)
F. silvestris (European wildcat)
Pantherinae
Neofelis nebulosa (clouded leopard)
Panthera
P. uncia (snow leopard)
P. tigris (tiger)
P. onca (jaguar)
P. leo (lion)
P. pardus (leopard)
Euarchontoglires
Glires
Lagomorpha
Ochotona (pika)
Leporidae
Lepus arcticus (Arctic hare)
Oryctolagus rabbit (European rabbit)
Rodentia
Hystricomorpha
Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
Heterocephalus glaber (naked mole-rat)
Caviomorpha
Erethizon dorsatum (North American porcupine)
Caviidae (cavies)
Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (capybara)
Sciuromorpha
Gliridae (dormice)
Sciuridae (squirrels)
Pteromyini (flying squirrels)
Castor (beaver)
Muroidea
Lemmini (lemmings)
Muridae
Rattus norvegicus (brown rat)
Mus musculus (house mouse)
Primatomorpha
Dermoptera (colugos)
Primates
†Plesiapiformes
†Plesiadapis
†Purgatorius
Strepsirrhini (wet-nosed primates)
†Darwinius
Lemuriformes
Lorisoidea (lorises and galagos)
Nyctecebus (slow lemur)
Propithecus (sifaka)
Lemuroidea (lemurs)
Cheirogaleus (dwarf demur)
Daubentonia madagascariensis (aye-aye)
Lemur catta (ring-tailed lemur)
Haplorhini (dry-nosed primates)
Tarsiidae (tarsiers)
Simiiformes (anthropoids)
Platyrrhini (New World monkeys)
Ateles (spider monkey)
Cebus (capuchin monkey)
Catarrhini
Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
Nasalis larvatus (proboscis monkey)
Papionini
Macaca (macaque)
M. mulatta (rhesus macaque)
M. sylvanus (Barbary macaque)
Mandrillus sphinx (mandril)
Papio papio (Guinea baboon)
Theropithecus gelada (gelada)
Hominoidea (apes)
Hylobatidae (gibbons/lesser apes)
Hominidae (great apes)
Pongo (orangutan)
Homininae
Gorilla (gorilla)
Hominini
Pan
P. paniscus (bonobo)
P. troglodytes (chimpanzee)
Hominina
†Orrorin tugenensis
"Australopithecines"
†Ardipithecus
†Australopithecus africanus
†Paranthropus robustus
Homo
†H. habilis
†H. erectus
†H. (e.?) ergaster
†H. antecessor
†H. heidelbergensis
†H. neanderthalensis (neanderthal)
H. sapiens (human)
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